Preceded by The Great Ormond Street colour handbook of paediatrics and child health / Stephan Strobel [and others]. c2007.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Emergency Medicine -- Introduction -- Upper airway obstruction -- Anaphylaxis -- Asthma -- Bronchiolitis -- Cardiac emergencies -- Cyanosis -- Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema -- Cardiogenic shock -- Arrhythmias -- Acute encephalopathic illness -- Convulsive status epilepticus -- Other encephalopathic illness -- Diabetic ketoacidosis -- Acute respiratory distress syndrome -- Sepsis -- Trauma -- Traumatic brain injury -- The child with multiple injuries -- Bums -- Poisoning -- References/further reading -- ch. 2 Child Protection -- Introduction -- Types of abuse and neglect -- Paediatric assessment of a child with suspicion of maltreatment -- Physical abuse -- Neglect -- Sexual abuse -- Other considerations in child protection -- What to do when abuse is suspected -- Further reading -- ch. 3 Infectious Diseases -- Bacteria -- Diphtheria -- Tetanus -- Meningococcal infections -- Tuberculosis -- Tuberculous meningitis

Note continued: Non-tuberculous myeobacterial infections -- Cat-scratch disease -- Lyme disease -- Pyogenic liver abscess -- Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome -- Tularaemia -- Viruses -- HIV infection and AIDS -- Congenital cytomegalovirus -- Infectious mononucleosis -- Measles -- Neonatal herpes simplex virus -- Varicella (chicken pox) -- Herpes zoster (shingles) -- Protozoa/fungi/tropical diseases/miscellaneous -- Congenital toxoplasmosis -- Cryptosporidiosis -- Cysticercosis (neurocysticcrcosis) -- Invasive aspergillosis -- Neonatal systemic candidiasis -- Malaria -- Schistosomiasis (urinary) -- Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) -- Kawasaki disease -- Further reading -- ch. 4 Respiratory Medicine -- Cystic fibrosis -- Chronic lung disease of prematurity -- Preschool wheeze -- Asthma -- Bronchiolitis -- Pneumonia -- Empyema -- Non-CF bronchiectasis -- Interstitial lung disease -- Chronic aspiration -- Pneumothorax -- Pierre Robin sequence

Note continued: Pulmonary agenesis, aplasia and hypoplasia -- Scimitar syndrome -- Congenital pulmonary airway malformations -- Lung transplantation -- Further reading -- ch. 5 Cardiology -- Developmental cardiology -- Cardiac assessment -- Congenital heart disease -- Ventricular septal defect -- Patent ductus arteriosus -- Pulmonary stenosis -- Coarctation of the aorta -- Atrial septal defect -- Fallot tetralogy -- Aortic stenosis -- Transposition of the great arteries -- Hypoplastic left heart -- Atrioventricular septal defect -- Other cardiac lesions -- Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage -- Tricuspid atresia -- Double inlet left ventricle -- Pulmonary atresia with an intact septum -- Pulmonary atresia with a VSD -- Ebstein anomaly -- Interrupted aortic arch and truncus arteriosus -- Congenitally corrected Transposition -- Vascular ring and sling -- Heart muscle disease -- Dilated Cardiomyopathy -- Myocarditis -- Pericarditis -- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Note continued: Restrictive cardiomyopathy -- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy -- Endocarditis -- Kawasaki disease -- Heart transplantation -- Mean transplantation -- Further reading -- ch. 6 Dermatology -- Vascular lesions -- tumours -- Infantile haemangioma -- Rare Vascular tumours -- Vascular lesions -- malformations -- Capillary malformations -- Venous malformations -- Arteriovenous malformations -- Pigmentary lesions -- Postinflammatory pigmentary changes -- Vitiligo -- Hypomelanotic macules -- Pigmentary mosaicism -- Cafe-au-lait macules -- Congenital melanocytic naevi -- Blistering conditions -- Epidermolysis bullosa -- Immunobullous disorders -- Inflammatory conditions -- Eczema -- Morphoea (localized scleroderma) -- Psoriasis -- Lumps and bumps -- Anogenital warts -- Molluscum contagiosum -- Sebaceous naevus -- Aplasia cutis -- Other important conditions -- Acrodermatitis entcroparhica -- Incontinentia pigmenti -- Cutaneous mast cell disease

Note continued: Ichthyosis -- Linear epidermal naevi -- Ectodermal dysplasia -- Paediatric dermatological emergencies -- Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis -- Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome -- Collodion baby and harlequin ichthyosis -- Eczema herpeticum -- Generalised pustular psoriasis -- Malignant skin conditions -- Further reading -- ch. 7 Ophthalmology -- Anatomy of the eye -- Visual development -- Lids -- Ablepharon -- Cryptophthalmos -- Colohoma -- Fpicanthus -- Entropion -- Ectropion -- Symhlepharon -- Blepharitis -- Stye -- Molluscum contagiosum -- Capillary haemangioma -- Port wine stain -- Ptosis -- Lid retraction -- Preseptal cellulitis -- Lid lag -- The watering eye -- Cornea -- developmental disorders -- Microcornea -- Cornea plana -- Megalocornea -- Keratoconus -- Congenital corneal opacification -- Corneal dystrophies -- Posterior embryotoxon -- Corneal deposits -- Keratitis -- Conjunctiva -- Infection-related conjunctivitis

Note continued: Non infection-related conjunctivitis -- Conjunctival pigmentation -- Elevated conjunctival lesions -- Diffusely elevated conjunctival lesions -- Sclera -- Pigmentation of the sclera -- Scleral inflammation -- Developmental anomalies of the globe -- Nanophthalmos -- Simple microphthalmos -- Complex microphthalmos -- Anophthalmia -- Iris -- Congenital iris defects -- Acquired iris defects -- Changes in iris colour -- Leukaemia/lymphoma -- Heterochromia irides -- Pupil anomalies -- Leukoeoria -- Dyscoria -- Miosis -- Mydriasis -- Corectopia -- Anisocoria -- Lens anomalies -- Aphakia -- Abnormal shape -- Dislocated lens -- Lens opacity -- Retinal anomalies -- Haemorrhages -- Hard exudates -- Cotton wool spots -- Retinal ncovaseularisation -- Retinal vasculitis -- Fovcal hypoplasia -- Maculopathy -- Coloured macular lesions -- Pale retinal lesions -- Non inflammatory lesions -- Retinal detachment -- Folds in the fundus -- The optic disc

Note continued: Optic disc swelling -- Optic atrophy -- Small optic disc -- Large optic disc -- Large optic disc cup -- Optic disc vascular abnormalities -- Optic disc haemorrhages -- Lesions obscuring the optic disc -- The orbit -- Abnormalities of globe position -- Lacrimal gland enlargement -- Eye movement disorders -- Ocular deviation in primary gaze -- Anomalous eye movements -- Abnormal head positions -- Nystagmus -- Further reading -- ch. 8 Neurology -- Neurological examination: cranial nerves -- The eye -- Ptosis -- Myasthenia -- Disorders of eye movement -- Third nerve palsy -- Fourth nerve palsy -- Sixth nerve palsy -- Ophthalmoplegia -- Upward gaze palsy -- Lateral gaze palsy -- Facial palsy -- Lower motor neuron facial palsy -- Upper motor neuron facial palsy -- Lower cranial nerve abnormalities -- Motor system -- Pyramidal disorders -- Extrapyramidal disorders -- Wilson disease -- Sydenham chorea and other poststreptococcal movement disorders

Note continued: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis -- Sandifer syndrome -- Segawa syndrome (DOPA-responsive dystonia) -- Ataxia -- Ataxia telangiectasia -- Friedreich ataxia -- Acute generalised weakness in a previously well child -- Guillain -- Barre syndrome -- Dermatomyositis -- Spinal cord disorders -- Hypotonia in infancy -- Myotonic dystrophy (DM1) -- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 (Werdnig -- Hoffman disease) -- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 2 and type 3 -- Chronic and progressive weakness in the older child -- Duchenne/Beeker muscular dystrophy -- Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (CMT) -- Cerebral palsy -- Spina bifida -- Headaches -- Migraine -- Psychogenic headaches -- Intracranial hypertension -- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (̀benign' intracranial hypertension, pseudotumour cerebri) -- Macrocephaly -- Hydrocephalus -- Brain tumours -- Learning difficulties -- Epilepsy -- Neurological and cognitive deterioration

Note continued: Common conditions with neurological deterioration -- Coma and acute encephalopathies -- Stroke -- Further reading -- ch. 9 Gastroenterology -- Clinical presentation -- Acute gastroenteritis -- Faltering growth/failure to thrive -- Constipation -- Infantile colic -- Recurrent abdominal pain -- Toddler's diarrhoea -- Chronic intractable diarrhoea -- Chronic intestinal failure -- Gastrointestinal diagnoses -- Fabricated and induced illness -- Coeliac disease -- Food allergic enteropathy -- Autoimmune enteropathy -- Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease -- Eosinophilic oesophagitis -- Eosinophilic enteropathy -- Eosinophilic disease of the colon (FDC) allergic colitis -- Classic inflammatory bowel disease -- Ulcerative colitis -- Crohn disease -- Lymphangiectasia -- Ulcers -- Gastric ulcer -- Duodenal ulcers -- Polyps -- Isolated inflammatory/juvenile polyp -- Juvenile polyposis syndrome -- Familial polyposis coli and Gardner syndrome

Note continued: Peutz -- Jegher syndrome -- Infections and infestations -- Bacterial enteric infections -- Feeding difficulties -- Gastro-oesophageal reflux -- Cyclical vomiting -- Intestinal pseudo-obstruction -- Short bowel syndrome -- Congenital and inherited disorders -- Congenital chloride diarrhoea -- Glucose -- glactose malabsorption -- Sucrose -- isomaltase deficiency -- Lactose malabsorption -- Pancreatic disease -- Cystic fibrosis -- Shwachman -- Bodian-Diamond syndrome -- Acute pancreatitis -- Chronic pancreatitis -- Liver disease -- Primary sclerosing cholangitis -- Chronic hepatitis -- Acute hepatitis -- Alagille syndrome -- Mineral disorders (deficiencies, high level poisoning) -- Zinc deficiency -- Iron deficiency -- Copper deficiency -- Copper excess: Wilson disease -- Selenium deficiency -- Vitamin deficiencies -- Scurvy, vitamin C/ascorbic acid deficiency -- Beriberi, vitamin B1/thiamin deficiency -- Pellagra, niacin deficiency

Note continued: Riboflavin/vitamin B2 deficiency -- Pyridoxine/vitamin B6 deficiency -- Cyanocobalamin/vitamin B12 deficiency -- Vitamin K/napthaquinune deficiency -- Retinol/vitamin A deficiency -- Tocopherol/vitamin E deficiency -- Vitamin D deficiency -- Further reading -- ch. 10 Renal Diseases -- Acute kidney injury -- Haemolytic uraemic syndrome -- Glomerulonephritis -- IgA vasculitis -- Nephrotic syndrome -- Chronic kidney disease -- Cystic kidney diseases -- Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract -- Vesicouicteric reflux -- Renovascular hypertension -- Renal Fanconi syndrome -- Further reading -- ch. 11 Haematology -- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma -- Haematological disorders and Down syndrome -- Transient myeloproliferative disorder -- Myeloid leukaemia and DS -- Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and DS -- Acute promyelocytic leukaemia and thrombosis -- Congenital (monocytic and myelomonocytic) leukaemia -- Ophthalmic cxtramedullary leukaemic deposits

Note continued: Granulocytic sarcoma -- Hypopyon -- Severe aplastic anaemia -- Juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia -- Paediatric myelodysplastic syndromes -- Fanconi anaemia -- Dyskeratosis Congenita and TINF2 mutations -- Hypereosinophilic syndrome and T(5;12) -- Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis -- Sweet syndrome -- Myelofibrosis and systemic lupus erythematosus -- Infant megaloblastic anaemia: transcobalamin II deficiency -- Congenital erythropoietic porphyria -- Kasabach -- Merritt syndrome -- Thrombocytopenia absent radius -- Bernard -- Soulier syndrome -- Von Willebrand disease -- Severe haemophilia A and B (classic haemophilia and Christmas disease) -- Red cell membrane abnormalities -- Hereditary elliptocytosis -- Hereditary spherocytosis -- Beta-thalassaemia major -- Sickle cell disease -- Glucose-6 -- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency -- Pyruvate kinase deficiency -- Further reading -- ch. 12 Oncology -- Introduction -- Renal tumours -- Liver tumours

Note continued: Langerhans cell histiocytosis -- Rhabdomyosarcoma, other soft tissue sarcomas and fibromatosis -- Rhabdomyosarcoma -- Other soft tissue sarcomas -- Neuroblastoma -- Very low- and low-risk neuroblastoma -- Intermediate-risk neuroblastoma -- High-risk neuroblastoma -- Retinoblastoma -- Paving sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour -- Osteosarcoma -- Extracranial malignant germ cell tumours -- Tumours of the central nervous system -- Ependymoma -- Medulloblastoma/PNET -- High-grade supratentorial glioma -- Brainstem glioma -- Low-grade astrocytoma -- Rare tumours -- Thyroid carcinoma -- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma -- Adrenocortical carcinoma -- Renal cell carcinoma -- Late effects of cancer treatment -- Further reading -- ch. 13 Endocrinology The short child -- Growth hormone deficiency/insufficiency -- Laron-type dwarfism -- Low birth weight syndrome -- Turner syndrome -- Prader -- Willi syndrome -- Skeletal dysplasias -- The tall child

Note continued: Marfan syndrome -- Pituitary gigantism -- Late puberty -- Klinefelter syndrome -- Early puberty -- Premature thelarche/thelarche variant or ̀benign' precocious puberty -- Gonadotrophin-dependent (central) precocious puberty -- McCune-Albright syndrome -- Polycystic ovarian disease -- Thyroid disorders -- Congenital hypothyroidism -- Acquired hypothyroidism -- Graves disease -- Adrenal disorders -- Primary adrenal insufficiency -- Gushing syndrome -- Ambiguous genitalia -- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia -- Disorders of glucose homeostasis -- Hyperinsulinism -- Type 1 diabetes mellitus -- Type 2 diabetes mellitus -- Monogenic diabetes -- Insulin resistance syndromes -- Other forms of diabetes -- Disorders of calcium metabolism -- Rickets -- Hypoparathyroidism/pseudohypoparathyroidism -- Hypercalcaemia -- Williams syndrome -- Further reading -- ch. 14 Metabolic Diseases -- Adrenoleukodystrophy -- Gaucher disease -- Hurler disease, MPS I

Note continued: Sanfilippo syndrome, MPS III -- Morquio syndrome, MPS IV -- Homocystinuria -- classical and secondary to remethylation disorders -- Wolman/cholesterol ester disease -- Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase deficiency -- Neuronal ceroid lipofusinoses -- Urea cycle disorders -- Galactosaemia -- Fatty acid oxidation defects -- Disorders of ketone body metabolism -- Tyrosinaemia -- Glycogen storage disease type I -- Peroxisomal biogenesis disorders -- Leigh syndrome -- Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency -- Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency -- Menke disease -- Phenylketonuria -- Biotin disorders -- Glutaric acidaemia type I -- GLUT 1 transporter deficiency -- Fabry disease -- Pompe disease -- Creatine deficiency disorders -- Methylmalonic and propionic acidaemia (MMA, PA) -- Neurotransmitter disorders (L-dopamine- responsive dystonia, tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency, pterin disorders)

Note continued: Sphingolipidosis disorders (Tay Sachs/Sandhoff/GM1/Niemann-Pick/metachromatic dystrophy/Krabbe) -- Congenital disorders of glycosylation -- Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia (glycine encephalopathy) -- Smitrt -- Lemli -- Opitz syndrome -- Hypercholesterolaemia -- Further reading -- ch. 15 Genetics Introduction -- Common congenital malformations -- Chromosome disorders -- Chromosomes -- structural abnormalities and imbalance -- Roberrsonian translocation -- Chromosome mosaicism -- Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) -- Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) -- Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) -- Turner syndrome, 45, X and variants -- Williams syndrome -- 22q 11 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge syndrome) -- Single gene disorders -- Autosomal dominant inheritance -- Autosomal recessive inheritance -- X-linked inheritance -- Mitochondrial conditions and inheritance -- Genetic syndromes with cardiac malformation as a major feature -- The floppy baby -- Prader -- Willi syndrome

Note continued: Myotonic dystrophy (myotonic dystrophy type 1) -- Syndromes associated with features of a connective tissue disorder -- Children with severe developmental delay -- Angelman syndrome -- Rett syndrome -- Other common single gene disorders -- Duchenne muscular dystrophy -- Fragile X syndrome -- Neurofibromatosis type 1 -- Tuberous sclerosis -- Other rare recognisable syndromes -- Kabuki syndrome -- Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome -- Dc Lange syndrome -- Sotos syndrome -- Goldenhar syndrome (hemifacial microsomia) -- Vater/Vacteri association -- Bardet -- Biedl syndrome -- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome -- Silver -- Russell syndrome -- Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (pseudohypopararhyroidism type la) -- Further reading -- ch. 16 Immunology (Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes) -- Background -- I.Combined immunodeficiencies -- Severe combined immunodeficiency -- Specific SCID sub-types -- Omenn syndrome (SCID variant) -- Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency

Note continued: II.Other well-defined syndromes -- Wiskott -- Aldrich syndrome -- Cartilage hair hypoplasia -- Ataxia telangiectasia -- III.Thymic defects -- DiGeorge syndrome -- IV.Antibody deficiency syndromes -- Common variable immunodeficiency -- X-linked againmaglobulinaemia (Bruton disease) -- Hypogammaglobulinaemia with hyper-IgM (class-switch recombination

Note continued: ch. 17 Rheumatology -- Introduction -- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis -- Systemic JIA -- Polyarticular onset: rheumatoid factor (RF)- negative JIA -- Polyarticular onset: RF-positive JIA -- Oligoarticular arthritis -- Enthesitis-related arthritis -- Psoriatic arthritis -- Arthritis associated with other chronic diseases -- Scleroderma -- Systemic sclerosis -- Localised scleroderma (morphoea) -- Juvenile dermatonmyositis -- Vasculitides -- Henoch Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis) -- Kawasaki disease -- Polyarteritis nodosa -- Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides -- Takayasu arteritis -- Systemic lupus erythematosus -- Overlap connective tissue disease -- Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis -- Periodic fever syndromes/auto inflammatory diseases -- Introduction -- Familial Mediterranean fewer -- Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome

Note continued: Mewalonatc kinase deficiency/hyperimmunoglobulin D periodic fever syndrome -- Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome -- Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis -- Chronic pain syndrome -- Complex regional pain syndrome -- Joint hypermobility syndrome -- Further reading -- ch. 18 Neonatal and General Paediatric Surgery -- Oesophageal atresia -- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia -- Neonatal intestinal obstruction -- Meconium ileus -- Duodenal atresia -- Intestinal atresia -- Anorectal anomalies -- Hirschsprung disease -- Malrotation -- Duplications of the alimentary tract -- Necrotising enterocolitis -- Exomphalos -- Gastroschisis -- Umbilical hernia -- Umbilical anomalies -- Gastrointestinal haemorrhage -- Meckel diverticulum -- Pyloric stenosis -- Intussusception -- Sacrococcygeal teratoma -- Appendicitis -- Neck lesions -- Cystic hygroma -- Branchial sinus/cyst -- Preauricular sinus -- Sacral sinuses -- Dermoid cysts

Note continued: Thyroglossal cysts/fistulae -- Inguinal hernia -- Hydrocoele -- Undescended testis -- Torsion of the testis -- Phimosis -- Biliary atresia -- Cholcdochal cyst -- Vascular malformations -- Hemangioma -- Congenital vascular malformations -- Klippel -- Trenaunay syndrome -- Lymphoedcma -- Spina bifida -- Conjoined twins -- Farther reading -- ch. 19 Otorhinolaryngology -- Otitis media with effusion (̀glue ear') -- Acute otitis media -- Cholesteatoma -- Chronic suppurative otitis media -- Otitis externa -- Aural foreign bodies -- Congenital anomalies of the ear -- Preauricular sinus and abscess -- External ear anomalies -- Middle ear anomalies -- Inner ear anomalies -- Nasal polyps -- Rhinosinusitis -- Nasal glioma and nieningoencephalocoele -- Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma -- Nasal foreign bodies -- Choanal atresia -- Tonsillitis (acute, chronic and recurrent) -- Peritonsillar abscess (quinsy) -- Retropharyngeal abscess -- Obstructive sleep apnoea

Note continued: Drooling -- Laryngomalacia -- Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis -- Subglottic stenosis -- Laryngeal and tracheobronchial foreign bodies -- Branchial sinuses, fistulae and cysts -- Paediatric head and neck masses -- Thyroglossal duct cyst -- Oropharyngeal and oesophageal foreign bodies -- Further reading -- ch. 20 Plastic Surgery Cleft lip and alveolus +/- palate -- Cleft palate (isolated) -- Congenital melanocytic naevi -- Craniosynostosis -- Epidermolysis bullosa -- Extravasation -- Hemifacial microsomia -- Microtia and ear reconstruction -- Proteus syndrome -- Radial longitudinal deficiency -- Vascular anomalies -- Capillary malformations in later childhood -- Infantile haemangioma -- Acknowledgements -- References -- ch. 21 Orthopaedics and Fractures -- Normal variations of gait and posture -- Congenital and developmental abnormalities of the lower limb -- Postural abnormalities (the moulded baby)

Note continued: Congenital talipes equinovarus deformity (̀the club foot') -- Congenital vertical talus -- Developmental dysplasia of the hip -- Leg length discrepancies -- Fibula hemimelia -- Proximal femoral local deficiency -- Congenital tibial deficiency -- Common congenital toe problems -- Other congenital/acquired lower limb problems -- Blount disease -- Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia -- Posteromedial tibial bow -- Pes eavus (the high arched foot) -- Classic causes of lower limb pain -- The child with a (painful) limp -- Bone and joint infection (osteomyelitis and septic arthritis) -- Transient synovitis vs. septic arthritis -- Lcgg -- Calve -- Pcrthcs disease (often called Perthes disease) -- Slipped upper femoral epiphysis -- Upper limb abnormalities -- Neonatal brachial plexopathy -- Torticollis -- Congenital upper limb anomalies -- Radial club hand -- Ulnar club hand -- Radioulnar synostosis -- Congenital dislocation of the radial head

Note continued: Other minor upper limb abnormalities -- Examples of generalised conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system -- Benign joint hypermobility syndrome -- Arthrogryposis -- Neuromuscular conditions with orthopaedic concerns -- Cerebral palsy -- Spina bifida -- The spine -- Congenital deformities -- Scoliosis -- Scheuermann disease (kyphosis) -- Spondylolisthesis -- Back pain -- Trauma -- Specific pacdiatric injuries -- Physcal injuries -- Pulled elbow -- Fractures around the elbow -- Lower limb injuries -- Pathological fractures -- Further reading -- ch. 22 Urology Congenital urine flow anomalies -- Hydronephrosis/Dilatation -- Pelviureteric junction anomaly (PUJA) -- Vesicoureteric junction anomaly (megaureter) -- Vesicoureteric reflux -- Posterior urethral valve -- Multi-cystic dysplastic kidney -- Renal agenesis, ectopia and fusion -- Duplex kidneys -- Incontinence -- Extrophy -- epispadias complex -- Neuropathic bladder -- Disorders of sex development

Note continued: Hypospadias -- Undescended testis -- Acute scrotum -- Urolithiasis -- Neoplasia -- Childhood renal tumours -- Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma) -- Genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma -- Further reading -- ch. 23 Allergic Diseases -- Introduction: clarification of terms -- General diagnostic approaches for allergies and adverse reactions to foods -- Food allergy -- Food-induced anaphylaxis -- Asthma and allergic rhinitis: aspects related to food allergy -- Allergic asthma -- Atopic eczema -- Chronic urticaria -- Allergics/hypersensitivity to food additives -- Drug hypersensitivity and adverse reactions to drugs -- Management principles of cow's milk and other food allergies -- Further reading.